APPENDIX II-BX: Permethrin: Hydrolysis Half-Life 37.7 Days; Aerobic Soil Half-Life 25.1 Days; Anaerobic Soil Half-Life 50.0 Days.

This appendix is copied from:

http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC35397

Permethrin - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information

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Chemical ID	Identifying information, including synonyms, ID numbers, use type, chemical classification, a link to a list of all products containing this chemical and a list of the top crops this pesticide is used on in California.
Poisoning Symptoms	Signs and symptoms of poisoning, first aid, and links to treatment information for this chemical.
Toxicity	Toxicity to humans, including carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity.
Regulatory	Links to world-wide registration status as well as regulatory information for the U.S. and California.
Water	Water quality standards and physical properties affecting water contamination potential.
Ecotoxicity	Toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Related Chems	List of chemicals in the same family, including breakdown products, salts, esters, isomers, and other derivatives.

Chemical Identification and Use for Permethrin

Basic Identification Information About This Chemical
Chemical Name:	Permethrin
CAS Number:	52645-53-1 (mixed isomers) 54774-45-7 (cis-isomer) 51877-74-8 (trans-isomer)
U.S. EPA PC Code:	109701 598600 (Old US EPA PC Code.)
CA DPR Chem Code:	2008
Molecular Weight:	391.2932
Molecular Structure:
Use Type:	Insecticide
Chem Class:	Pyrethroid
View Related Chemicals
Additional Resources About This Chemical Class and Use Type
See the Global Pesticide Resources page for many additional links.
Historical Use of this Chemical Top five crops and sites for this pesticide in California
Structural Pest Control Pistachios Almonds Head Lettuce Leaf Lettuce View All Crops and Sites
Other Names for this Chemical About Chemical Synonyms
(3-Phenoxyphenyl)methyl cis,trans-(+-)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate , 02008 (CA DPR Chem Code) , 109701 (US EPA PC Code) , 2008 (CA DPR Chem Code) , 3-Phenoxybenzyl (+-)cis and trans*-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate *(max cis 40% min trans 60%) , 3-Phenoxybenzyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate , 3-Phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate , 3-Phenoxyphenylmethyl-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (mixture of 40% cis and 60% trans isomers) , 51877-74-8 (CAS Number) , 51877748 (CAS Number) , 52645-53-1 (CAS Number) , 52645531 , 52645531 (CAS Number) , 54774-45-7 (CAS Number) , 54774457 (CAS Number) , 598600 (Old US EPA PC Code) , 598600 (US EPA PC Code) , AI 3-29158 , AI-29158 , Ambush , Anomethrin N , Antiborer 3768 , Atroban , BW 21-Z , Chinetrin , Coopex , Corsair , Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl ester (9CI) , Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-, 3-phenoxybenzyl ester, (+-)-, (cis,trans)- , Diffusil H , Ecsumin , Ectiban , Efmethrin , Eksmin , Exmin , FMC 33297 , FMC 41655 , Indothrin , Ipitox , Kafil , Kavil , Kestrel , m-Phenoxybenzyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate , Matadan , MP 79 , NDRC 143 , NIA-33297 , NRDC 143 , Outflank , Outflank-Stockade , Perigen , Perigen W , Permanone 10 , Permanone 40 , Permasect , Permethrin , Permethrin, mixed cis,trans , Permethrin, mixed cis,trans (ANSI) , permethrine , Permetrin , Permetrina , Perthrine , Pounce , PP 557 , Pramex , R-86557 , S-3151 , SBP 1513TEC , SBP-1513 , Spartan , Stomoxin , Talcord , Use code no. 109701 , WL 43479
Products Containing This Chemical Current and historic U.S. registered products
View U.S. Products All Products (1388 Total) Currently Registered Products (937 Total)

Signs and Symptoms of Permethrin Poisoning

	NOTE! There may be other diseases and chemicals that have similar symptoms.
	If you have a poisoning emergency in the United States call 1-800-222-1222. If the victim has collapsed or is unconscious, call 911.

Permethrin is a Pyrethroid compound.

Report a Poisoning

Symptoms of Poisoning with Pyrethroid Compounds	Find Products Containing this Chemical
- Irritation of skin and eyes. - Irritability to sound or touch, abnormal facial sensation, sensation of prickling, tingling or creeping on skin, numbness. - Headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, excessive salivation, fatigue. - In severe cases: fluid in the lungs and muscle twitching may develop. Seizures may occur and are more common with more toxic cyano-pyrethroids.
Source for Group Symptoms: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 8.
Treatment for Pyrethroid Poisoning
See: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 8, page 88.

Symptoms of Permethrin Exposure from the International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)		Report a Poisoning
View full ICSC Cards: English Español Française Chinese Dutch Finnish German Hungarian Japanese Swahili Thai Urdu
NOTE! PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!
Route of Exposure	Symptoms	First Aid
Inhalation	Cough.	Fresh air rest.
Skin	Redness. Burning sensation.	Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
Eyes	Redness. Pain.	First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible) then take to a doctor.
Ingestion	Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Vomiting.	Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention.
Notes for ICSC Information
Carrier solvents used in commercial formulations may change physical and toxicological properties. Ambush Eksmin Talcord are trade names. Also consult publication Health and Safety Guide No. 33 Permethrin and Environmental Health Criteria No. 94 Permethrin of IPCS.

Toxicity Information for Permethrin

Note: Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on humans. Why?

Summary Toxicity Information
PAN Bad Actor Chemical^1	Acute Toxicity^2	Carcinogen	Cholinesterase Inhibitor	Ground Water Contaminant	Developmental or Reproductive Toxin	Endocrine Disruptor
Not Listed	Moderate	Possible	No			Suspected

	Indicates high toxicity in the given toxicological category.		Indicates no available weight-of-the-evidence summary assessment. For additional information on toxicity from scientific journals or registration documents, see the "Additional Resources for Toxicity " section of the chemical detail page.
1. PAN Bad Actors are chemicals that are one or more of the following: highly acutely toxic, cholinesterase inhibitor, known/probable carcinogen, known groundwater pollutant or known reproductive or developmental toxicant. NOTE! Because there are no authoritative lists of Endocrine Disrupting (ED) chemicals, EDs are not yet considered PAN Bad Actor chemicals.
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.

Additional Resources about the Toxicity of this Chemical

Additional Toxicity Info for this Chemical - ChemFinder Datasheet on Permethrin - PubMed search using CAS Number for Permethrin - PubMed search for Permethrin Physical Properties for Permethrin from USDA Ag Research Services Extoxnet Pesticide Information Profile on Permethrin Detailed Toxicity Summary for Permethrin from U.S. EPA IRIS Database Quickview Toxicity Summary for Permethrin from U.S. EPA IRIS Database Detailed Toxicological Review for Permethrin , INCHEM EHC 94, 1990 Emergency procedures (spills, poisoning, fire), hazards, and regulations for Permethrin , INCHEM HSG 33, 1989 Detailed Cancer Assessment for Permethrin, INCHEM IARC, Volume 53, 1991 Emergency procedures (spills, fire, poisoning) for Permethrin, INCHEM ICSC Emergency procedures (spills, poisoning), properties, uses and toxicology of Permethrin, INCHEM PDS 1979 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1980 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1981 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1982 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1983 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1984 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1987 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR 1999 Toxicity Assessment of Permethrin Residues in Food, INCHEM JMPR

See the Global Pesticide Resources page for many additional links.

Detailed Toxicity Information
Acute Toxicity ^2
WHO Acute Hazard TRI Acute Hazard Material Safety Data Sheets Acute rating from U.S. EPA product label U.S. NTP Acute Toxicity Studies View Studies Cholinesterase Inhibitor	II, Moderately Hazardous Not Listed Not Available Slightly Toxic No NTP Studies No
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.
Cancer Information
IARC Carcinogens U.S. NTP Carcinogens California Prop 65 Known Carcinogens U.S. EPA Carcinogens TRI Carcinogen	3, Unclassifiable Not Listed Not Listed Suggestive Not Listed
Endocrine Disruption
Illinois EPA list Keith list Colborn list Benbrook list EU list	Suspected Not Listed Yes Yes
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
CA Prop 65 Developmental Toxin U.S. TRI Developmental Toxin CA Prop 65 Female Reproductive Toxin CA Prop 65 Male Reproductive Toxin U.S. TRI Reproductive Toxin	Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed
Chemicals of Special Concern
PAN Bad Actors PAN Dirty Dozen list	Not Listed Not Listed

Water Pollution Potential and Criteria for Permethrin

Water Pollution Potential
PAN Ground Water Contaminant Rating	Insufficient Data
Physical Property Data Related to Water Contamination Potential
Water Solubility (Avg, mg/L) Adsorption Coefficient (Koc) Hydrolysis Half-life (Avg, Days) Aerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days) Anaerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days)	0.07 231,153 37.7 25.1 50.0
Sorry, no water quality standards or criteria have been established for this chemical by the U.S. or Canadian governments; however, there may be criteria established for related chemicals.

Regulatory Information for Permethrin

International Regulatory Status
Worldwide Registration Click on link at right to view registration information for different countries -->	Worldwide Registration for: Permethrin Number of countries where this chemical is:      Banned, Restricted or Cancelled: 0      Not legal for import: 0
UNEP Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) UNEP Prior Informed Consent Chemical (PIC) WHO Obsolete Pesticide	Not Listed Not Listed Not Listed
U.S. and California Regulatory Status
U.S. EPA Registered U.S. EPA Hazardous Air Pollutant U.S. EPA Minimum Risk Pesticide (25b list) CA Registered CA Groundwater Contaminant CA Toxic Air Contaminant	Yes Not Listed No Yes Not Listed Candidate
Maximum Tolerance and Residue Levels
Codex Alimentarius    (UN FAO Maximum Residue Limits) U.S. Maximum Tolerance Levels European Union Maximum Residue Levels	Go to web site Go to web site Go to web site

Ecotoxicity for Permethrin

Note! Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on the environment. Why? Click on underlined terms for definitions and additional information.

Aquatic Ecotoxicity

All Toxic Effects for Organism Group
Organism Group	Effects Noted
Amphibians	Behavior, Development, Growth, Mortality
Annelida	Mortality
AquaticPlants	Population
Crustaceans	Accumulation, Growth, Mortality, Population
Crustaceans	Mortality
Fish	Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Enzyme(s), Feeding Behavior, Growth, Histology, Morphology, Mortality, Physiology, Population
Fish	Mortality
Insects	Accumulation, Behavior, Development, Enzyme(s), Intoxication, Mortality, Population
Molluscs	Accumulation, Enzyme(s), Feeding Behavior, Growth, Intoxication, Mortality
NematodesandFlatworms	Mortality, Population
Phytoplankton	Accumulation, Biochemistry, Ecosystem Process, Growth, Mortality, Physiology, Population, Reproduction
Zooplankton	Accumulation, Behavior, Intoxication, Mortality, Population, Reproduction
View All Aquatic Ecotoxicity Studies and References

Summary of Acute Toxicity for Organism Group
Organism Group	Average Acute Toxicity	Acute Toxicity Range
Amphibians	Slightly Toxic	Slight to Moderate Toxicity
Annelida	Slightly Toxic	Slight Toxicity
Crustaceans	Very Highly Toxic	Very Highly Toxic
Fish	Highly Toxic	Moderate to Very High Toxicity
Insects	Moderately Toxic	Slight to Very High Toxicity
Molluscs	Slightly Toxic	Not Acutely Toxic to High Toxicity
NematodesandFlatworms	Slightly Toxic	Slight Toxicity
Phytoplankton	Slightly Toxic	Slight Toxicity
Zooplankton	Moderately Toxic	Slight to Very High Toxicity
View All Acute Summaries

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity

We are seeking funding to incorporate terrestrial ecotoxicity data analogous to the aquatic ecotoxicity data in the space above. Watch this space!

Related Chemicals for Permethrin

CAS Number	Relation	Reason	Chemical Name	Chem Detail	Registration	Symptoms	California Use	Chem Use Type	U.S. EPA Reg	PAN Bad Actor
52645-53-1, 54774-45-7, 51877-74-8	Parent	P	Permethrin	View	View	View	View	Insecticide	Yes	Not Listed
52341-33-0	Related	6	(+-)-cis-Permethrin	View	View	View	View	Insecticide	No	Not Listed
3739-38-6	Related	5a	3-phenoxybenzoic acid	View	View	View	View	Breakdown product	No	Not Listed
	Related	5a	cis-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid	View	View	View	View	Breakdown product	No	Not Listed
	Related	8	Permethrin, other related	View	View	View	View	Insecticide	Yes	Not Listed
	Related	5a	trans-3-(2,2-Dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid	View	View	View	View	Breakdown product	No	Not Listed

Working with the Information on this Page

Click on underlined terms for definitions or go to the Pesticide Tutorial overview page.

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* Data marked with an asterisk indicates that this chemical is not explicitly listed on the corresponding list. Instead, it belongs to a group of chemicals that IS designated on the list. For example, if an agency assigns a classification of reproductive toxicant to "mercury compounds", that classification is applied to all mercury compounds in the PAN Pesticide database, which are then marked with an asterisk.

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Citation: S. Kegley, B. Hill, S. Orme, PAN Pesticide Database, Pesticide Action Network, North America (San Francisco, CA. 2007), http:www.pesticideinfo.org.
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