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Pesticides: The Killer

This website is posted by Dr. Anne Maziar, Ph.D., Longmont, CO, anne.maziar@colorado.edu

Last updated August 25, 2007. For my website on cell phones and cell towers, see www.celltowers.us

This website is focused on two problems. Both have to do with the control of mosquitoes by the application of adulticides (chemicals which kill adult mosquitoes). Despite all the harmful side effects of using pesticides, and despite the fact that adulticiding accounts for only as little as between 0.0025% and 1% of those mosquito control programs which employ adulticiding [e.g., see Appendix II-W], it is still being allowed by elected and public health officials. The first section of this website deals with Naled (trade-name Dibrom) used in aerial spraying. Naled is an organophosphate neurotoxin in the same family as Malathion and Sarin nerve gases. Aerial spraying is actually being planned for all of Boulder County wall-to-wall in late June or early July, 2007. The second section deals with Permethrin (a synthetic Pyrethroid neurotoxin)and Permethrin/Piperonyl Butoxide both concocted with secret so-called “inert” ingredients which in most instances are much more dangerous than the stated active ingredients. Enhanced permethrin is used with fogging trucks.

Neither method is capable of evenly distributing these poisons. Both methods are applied when some wind is present so that the pesticides don’t remain in the air a long time. With both methods the pesticides drift and some households receive much higher concentrations of these pesticides than other households.

Communities all over the U.S. who have banned all adulticiding have never had more cases of West Nile Virus than their neighboring communities who have opted for adulticiding. Spraying causes twice the number of neuro-invasive cases of West Nile Virus even if the actual number of mosquitoes is greater by two times in the neighboring non-spraying community [e.g., see Appendix II-R]. Besides the study published in the CDC’s journal Emerging Infectious Diseases which compares the rates of neuro-invasive WNV cases in 2003 between Loveland and Ft. Collins, Colorado, and concludes against spraying adult mosquitoes to reduce the incidence of WNV, these figures and conclusion hold true in a comparison of Boulder and Longmont in 2006. The City of Boulder had no spraying in 2006. Portions of Longmont and unincorporated Boulder County had numerous repeat sprayings. All of Longmont was sprayed on August 29, 2006. The City of Longmont had almost half of all the cases of WNV in the entire county (35 of 74) and fully one-half (4 of 8) of the total number of neuro-invasive cases of WNV in the entire county. [These figures for Boulder County 2006 are found in Appendix III-F below and for Longmont alone in 2006 on page 8 of Appendix I-Y. Click on the original URL at the beginning of the appendix to see page 8]. It is obvious that the City of Boulder’s non-spray policy is much more effective in preventing both non-neuro-invasive and neuro-invasive cases of WNV..

In looking at the statistics of the total number of cases of West Nile Virus on the CDC maps at the end of this website, it is important to look at the number of cases which are merely accompanied by fever, and those that are neuro-invasive., i.e,. encephalitis or meningitis [see Appendix III-E]. Many states report few non-neuroinvasive cases of WNV. In Colorado last year reports of cases involving only fever were more than five times the number of cases which were neuro-invasive. [280 fever only cases out of 345 cases total, or 81.2% with fever only and 18.9% neuroinvasive]. Research has shown that pesticides cause damage to the blood brain barrier and are actually a significant cause of neuro-invasive cases of WNV. Some individuals conclude that WNV cases involving fever only are equally harmful. But lingering vague symptoms are similar to symptoms of pesticide poisoning.

Pesticides destroy the lives of unborn and young children. They also destroy the environment and the earth for future generations, almost certainly irreversibly.. Pesticides are nerve gases, neurotoxins developed by Hitler during WW II. Simply stated, they are poisons whose purpose is to kill.

Note in the yearly maps in appendix III-M of the total WNV cases in the US 1999-2006 that WNV moved from NY westward, first through the south, then westward through middle America and then westward through the north. Looking at the map of 2006 we see that many states in the east had either no cases or fewer than 10 total cases. After the initial spike in WNV cases, this spike has never repeated in any state even among those communities who have never used spraying at all. Less than 1% of those who have had WNV have any symptoms at all, though they still gain life-long immunity from contracting the non-symptomatic disease. Those who have serious symptoms include organ transplants who are receiving immune suppressing drugs so they won’t reject the transplanted organ and some others whose immune system has been compromised by exposure to pesticides.

Spraying and fogging mosquitoes with pesticides increases the mosquitoes that carry West Nile Virus 15-FOLD. (See appendices II-Z, II-AF, I-AC, I-AD, I-AE, I-AF, and II-C.)

In the following appendices is a partial record of medical doctors, scientists, biologists, ecologists, environmentalists, and communities coping with WNV in the most effective and safe manner, as well as the results of bad policies.

File” Appendix II-G: Permethrin and Breast Cancer: Bibliography” restored July 15, 2007].

The following picture is from the website by Dr. Ferrel, M.D (Appendix II-AB) http://www.lifedynamix.com/articles/Ask-Doctor/Pesticides_Poison_Mosquitoes.html

I. Dibrom (Naled) – Aerial Spraying with a Crop Duster

This picture is by Bruce Baise from the website:

http://www.rense.com/general8/sptrin.htm

APPENDIX I-A: Aerial Spraying Proposed – Boulder County – June, 2007.

APPENDIX I-B: Longmont City Council Minutes-May 8, 2007

APPENDIX I-C: Pesticide Poisoning – Permethrin- What to Do?-Rapp, M.D.

APPENDIX I-D: Aerial Spraying Longmont and Louisville 2003.

APPENDIX I-E: WNV – Dibrom

APPENDIX I-F: Naled (Dibrom) Factsheet-J Pesticide Reform.

APPENDIX I-G: Naled Fact Sheet – No Spray

APPENDIX I-H: Dibrom Fact Sheets.

APPENDIX I-I: Dibrom: Manufacturer’s Label

APPENDIX I-J: Dibrom: Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheet.

APPENDIX I-K: Dibrom – Idaho – ‘06.

APPENDIX I-L: Pesticide Illness - Mesa County, CO – Aerial Spraying, 2004.

spray

This picture is from the website:

http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/jun2005/2005-06-20-07.asp

APPENDIX I-M: NYC Settles Pesticide Lawsuit against Giuliani.

APPENDIX I-N: Any Study of Aerial Spraying of Mesa County, CO, in 2004 Is Illegal.

APPENDIX I-O: Dibrom-Inerts.

APPENDIX I-P: Abou-Donia, Organophosphorus Ester-Induced Chronic Neurotoxicity, Archives of Environmental Health, v.58, n.8, 1 Aug. 03

APPENDIX I-Q: Dunstan, Chemical Exposure-Blood Brain Barrier-Organophosphates.

APPENDIX I-R: Geller, et al, Aging and the Environment: A Research Framework, Environ Health Perspect 2005 September, 113(9): 1257-1262 – Blood Brain Barrier – Organophosphates.

APPENDIX I-S: Crinnion, Environmental Medicine, Part 4:

Pesticides – Biologically Persistent and Ubiquitous Toxins, Page 432 Alternative Medicine Review _ Volume 5 Number 5 _ 2000

APPENDIX I-T: Naled (sold as Dibrom) has been associated with stomach cancers, pancreatic tumors and leukemia in laboratory animals. Trichlorfon, an ingredient in naled has also been associated with in utero neurological damage in test animals

APPENDIX I-U: Sinha, et al, Species variation in pesticide-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction, Human & Experimental Toxicology, Vol. 22, No. 12, 647-652 (2003)

APPENDIX I-V: Pest Control—Mosquitoes

APPENDIX I-W: Malathion Research.

APPENDIX I-X: Toxic Chemical Sarin Damages Genes That Control Brain, Nervous System

APPENDIX I-Y: City of Longmont, West Nile Virus Mosquito Update, 2007.

APPENDIX I-Z: Song, et al, Interactive Effects of Paraoxon and Pyridostigmine on Blood‑Brain Barrier Integrity and Cholinergic Toxicity, Toxicological Sciences 78, 241‑247 (2004)

APPENDIX I-AA: Brain Damage Caused by Exposure to Lawn Pesticides

APPENDIX I-AB: E-Mail from John Pape, Epidemiologist, State of Colorado, July 5, 2007.

APPENDIX I-AC: Howard, et al, “Impact of naled (Dibrom 14) on the mosquito-vectors of eastern equine encephalitis virus,” J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 1997 Dec, 13(4) 315-25

APPENDIX I-AD: Fourteen Community Comparative Analysis

APPENDIX I-AE: Pressinger, et al, “Brevard Mosquito Control Pesticides, Environmental & Health Effects Research.”

APPENDIX I-AF: “The Truth about Mosquitoes, Pesticides and West Nile Virus: A Beyond Pesticides Factsheet.”

II. Permethrin + Piperonyl Butoxide + ? : Fogging Trucks-August. 2006, Longmont, CO

The picture on the left is from:

http://www.nospraymiami.com/

The picture on the right is from:

http://www.meepi.org/wnv/overkillma.htm

APPENDIX II-A: Pesticide Registration: No Guarantee of Safety.

APPENDIX II-B: Permethrin is Nerve Gas.

APPENDIX II-C: Why Pesticide Spraying Does More Harm than Good: Overkill..

APPENDIX II- D: Permethrin: Endocrine Disruptor, Mutagenic, Cytogenic

APPENDIX II-E: So-Called “Inert” Ingredients Are Not Harmless, But Toxic and Carcinogenic. Mueller-Beilschmidt, “Toxicology and Environmental Fate of Synthetic Pyrethroids,,” Journal of Pesticide Reform, v. 10, n. 3, Fall, 1990.

APPENDIX II-F: Combined Exposures to Pesticides Containing Permethrin and DEET Are Not Recommended.

APPENDIX II-G: Permethrin and Breast Cancer Studies: Bibliography.

APPENDIX II-H: Secret Ingredients: So-Called “Inert” Ingredients are Toxic, Harmful, and Carcinogenic.

APPENDIX II-I: Permethrin Kills Asthmatics.

APPENDIX II-J: Illegal according to Federal Law to Say That Pesticides Are Safe.

APPENDIX II-K: Colorado State Department of Health Issues Minimal Precautions against Pesticide Fogging for Mosquitoes

APPENDIX II-L: Non-Toxic Methods to Ward off Mosquitoes.

APPENDIX II-M: Pyrethrins/Pyrethrum

APPENDIX II-N: “Inerts” and Piperonyl Butoxide.

APPENDIX II-O: Piperonyl Butoxide.

APPENDIX II-P: Watson, Eight Reasons Why Spraying Pesticides is Not the Solution to West Nile Virus [for Result of NY Lawsuit, see APPENDIX I-M: NYC Settles Pesticide Lawsuit against Giuliani.]

APPENDIX II-Q: A Tale of Two Colorado Cities: Loveland and Ft Collins.

APPENDIX II-R: Gujral, et al, Behavioral Risks for West Nile Virus Disease, Northern Colorado, 2003, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Volume 13, Number 3–March 2007

APPENDIX II-S: Communities Reject Adulticiding.

APPENDIX II-T: Lessons of WNV.

APPENDIX II-U: WNV Statement – Kucinich.

APPENDIX II-V: Comprehensive Mosquito-Borne Disease Surveillance and Control Plan, Westchester County, NY.

APPENDIX II-W: Comparing Risk of WNV.

The following picture is from:

http://cal.man.ac.uk/student_projects/2002/MNQJ9PP2/Webpages/bloodbrainbarrier.htm

This picture illustrates the location of the blood brain barrier and the tight junction between the endothelial cells.

APPENDIX II-X: Flu Vaccination Ineffective except for 1%.

APPENDIX II-Y: Chemicals Used to Protect Soldiers in 1991 Gulf War Can Damage Testes, Animal Studies Show

APPENDIX II-Z: Immune System Compromised by Pesticides-Miami: Cunningham.

APPENDIX II-AA: Blood Brain Barrier – Steenis.

APPENDIX II-AB: Pesticides-Dr, Ferrel, M.D.

APPENDIX II-AC: Blood Brain Barrier-Goode.

APPENDIX II-AD: Encephalitis-Fitz.

APPENDIX II-AE: Childhood Cancer-Fitz.

APPENDIX II-AF: West Nile Virus and Insecticides-Sankey.

APPENDIX II-AG: Synergy-Blood Brain Barrier-Kepner.

APPENDIX II-AH: WNV and Blood Brain Barrier Damage Caused by Pesticides-CCHE Research of Peer-Reviewed Articles: Ben-Nathan, et al, CNS penetration by noninvasive viruses following inhalational anesthetics., Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000;917:944-50; Ben-Nathan, et al, Cold stress-induced neuroinvasiveness of attenuated arboviruses is not solely mediated by Corticosterone, Arch Virol 1996;141(7):1221-9; 1; Kolesnichenko,et al, [Changes in the biochemical composition of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute carbophos poisoning], Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 1992;92(2):95-9; Pavlovsky, et al, Pyridostigmine enhances glutamatergic transmission in hippocampal CA1 neurons, Exp Neurol 2003 Feb;179(2):181-7; Lallement , et al, Review of the value of huperzine as pretreatment of organophosphate poisoning, ; Neurotoxicology 2002 May;23(1):1-5 ; Pall, et al, Elevated nitric oxide/peroxynitrite mechanism for the common etiology of multiple chemical sensitivity,chronic fatigue syndrome, and posttraumatic stress disorder, Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001 Mar;933:323-9 ; Cowan , et al, Gene therapy to prevent organophosphate intoxication, Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001 May 15;173(1):1-6; Gupta, et al, Functional impairment of blood-brain barrier following pesticide exposure during early development in Rats, Hum Exp Toxicol 1999 Mar;18(3):174-9; Friedman , et al, Pyridostigmine brain penetration under stress enhances neuronal excitability and induces early immediate transcriptional response, , Nat Med 1996 Dec;2(12):1382-5 , Comment in: * Nat Med. 1996 Dec;2(12):1307-8. * Nat Med. 1997 Apr;3(4):366. * Nat Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):253; Carpentier, et al, Seizure-related opening of the blood-brain barrier induced by soman: possible correlation with the acute neuropathology observed in poisoned rats, Neurotoxicology 1990 Fall;11(3):493-508.

The following picture is from:

http://www.stanford.edu/class/humbio103/ParaSites2005/Ivermectin/images/blood%20brain%20barrier.gif

APPENDIX II-AI: Blood Brain Barrier-CCHE.

APPENDIX II-AJ: Permethrin-Neurotoxin.

APPENDIX II-AK: Sushila Patel, et al, Cypermethrin-induced DNA damage in organs and tissues of the mouse: Evidence from the comet assay, Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Volume 607, Issue 2, 5 September 2006, Pages 176-183

APPENDIX II-AL: Imamura, et al, Neonatal exposure of newborn mice to pyrethroid (permethrin) represses activity-dependent c-fos mRNA expression in cerebellum , Archives of Toxicology, v. 76, no. 7 (July 2002) 392-397.

The following picture is from:

http://www.netterimages.com/image/4921.htm

Blood-Brain Barrier

APPENDIX II-AM: Barlow, et al, A Fetal Risk Factor for Parkinson’s Disease, Developmental Neuroscience, v. 26, no. 1 (2003) 11-23.

APPENDIX II-AN: Sharma, Health hazards of mosquito repellents

and safe alternatives, CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 80, NO. 3, 10 FEBRUARY 2001 341

APPENDIX II-AO: Mun, et al, Effects of Cypermethrin on the Dopaminergic Neurons in the Progressive Hemiparkinsonian Rats, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 15:6, 399 - 404

The following image is from:

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://users.ahsc.arizona.edu/davis/bbb.ht3.gif&imgrefurl=http://users.ahsc.arizona.edu/davis/bbb.htm&h=343&w=518&sz=81&tbnid=9k9V-f82Mn5t_M:&tbnh=87&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dblood%2Bbrain%2Bbarrier%2Bimages%26um%3D1&start=3&sa=X&oi=images&ct=image&cd=3

Scanning electron- micrograph(EM) of adult male brain polymer injected post-mortem

A schematic of the Blood Brain Barrier with associated astrocytes.

APPENDIX II-AP: G. Wolterink, et al, Risk Assessment of Chemicals: What About the Children?

APPENDIX II-AQ: Malkiewicz, et al, Cypermethrin alters Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein levels in the rat brain,Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 51-55: Volume 21, Issue 1, January 2006, Pages 51-55

: APPENDIX II-AR: Gupta, et al, Functional impairment of blood–brain barrier following pesticide exposure during early development in rats, : Human & Experimental Toxicology, Volume 18, Number 3, 1999 , pp. 174-179(0)

The following image is from:

http://www.getipm.com/html/symptoms.htm

Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning
Sources: National Cancer Institute, National Academy of Science,
Office of Technology Assessment, EPA, OSHA
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